Highly Improved Technology

1) Компьютерная техника: Highly Imaginative Technology, Human Interface Technology

2) Медицина: Heparin induced thrombocytopenia (Вызванная введением преперата "гепарин" тромбоцитопения), медицинская информационная технология (сокр. от "health information technology")

3) Спорт: Hiker In Training, Houston Independent Teams

4) Военный термин: High Impact Training, High Intensity Training, High-Interest Track, homing interceptor technology

5) Техника: high-density isolation technology

6) Юридический термин: Hookers In Training

7) Ветеринария: Herding Instinct Test, Huskies In Training

8) Сокращение: Homing Intercept Technology, Hughes Improved Terminal

9) Физиология: Headache Impact Test, Hibernation Inducing Trigger, Hormone Induction Therapy

10) Электроника: Highly Improved Technology

11) Иммунология: High In Trial

12) Гематология: Heparin induced thrombocytopenia

13) Фирменный знак: Horizon Internet Technologies

14) Деловая лексика: H L Interface Team, Honour, Integrity, Teamwork

15) Образование: High Intelligence Teenager, Home Impact Training, Homeroom Instructional Time

16) Полупроводники: Heterojunction with Intrinsic Thin layer

17) Должность: Health Information Technology, Holistic Information Technology, Hooker In Training, Husband In Training

18) NYSE. Hitachi, LTD.

19) НАСА: Hypergravity Isolation Training

1) Компьютерная техника: Highly Imaginative Technology, Human Interface Technology

2) Медицина: Heparin induced thrombocytopenia (Вызванная введением преперата "гепарин" тромбоцитопения), медицинская информационная технология (сокр. от "health information technology")

3) Спорт: Hiker In Training, Houston Independent Teams

4) Военный термин: High Impact Training, High Intensity Training, High-Interest Track, homing interceptor technology

5) Техника: high-density isolation technology

6) Юридический термин: Hookers In Training

7) Ветеринария: Herding Instinct Test, Huskies In Training

8) Сокращение: Homing Intercept Technology, Hughes Improved Terminal

9) Физиология: Headache Impact Test, Hibernation Inducing Trigger, Hormone Induction Therapy

10) Электроника: Highly Improved Technology

11) Иммунология: High In Trial

12) Гематология: Heparin induced thrombocytopenia

13) Фирменный знак: Horizon Internet Technologies

14) Деловая лексика: H L Interface Team, Honour, Integrity, Teamwork

15) Образование: High Intelligence Teenager, Home Impact Training, Homeroom Instructional Time

16) Полупроводники: Heterojunction with Intrinsic Thin layer

17) Должность: Health Information Technology, Holistic Information Technology, Hooker In Training, Husband In Training

18) NYSE. Hitachi, LTD.

19) НАСА: Hypergravity Isolation Training

SUBJECT AREA: Textiles

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Heathcote was the son of a small farmer who became blind, obliging the family to move to Long Whatton, near Loughborough, c.1790. He was apprenticed to W.Shepherd, a hosiery-machine maker, and became a frame-smith in the hosiery industry. He moved to Nottingham where he entered the employment of an excellent machine maker named Elliott. He later joined William Caldwell of Hathern, whose daughter he had married. The lace-making apparatus they patented jointly in 1804 had already been anticipated, so Heathcote turned to the problem of making pillow lace, a cottage industry in which women made lace by arranging pins stuck in a pillow in the correct pattern and winding around them thread contained on thin bobbins. He began by analysing the complicated hand-woven lace into simple warp and weft threads and found he could dispense with half the bobbins. The first machine he developed and patented, in 1808, made narrow lace an inch or so wide, but the following year he made much broader lace on an improved version. In his second patent, in 1809, he could make a type of net curtain, Brussels lace, without patterns. His machine made bobbin-net by the use of thin brass discs, between which the thread was wound. As they passed through the warp threads, which were arranged vertically, the warp threads were moved to each side in turn, so as to twist the bobbin threads round the warp threads. The bobbins were in two rows to save space, and jogged on carriages in grooves along a bar running the length of the machine. As the strength of this fabric depended upon bringing the bobbin threads diagonally across, in addition to the forward movement, the machine had to provide for a sideways movement of each bobbin every time the lengthwise course was completed. A high standard of accuracy in manufacture was essential for success. Called the "Old Loughborough", it was acknowledged to be the most complicated machine so far produced. In partnership with a man named Charles Lacy, who supplied the necessary capital, a factory was established at Loughborough that proved highly successful; however, their fifty-five frames were destroyed by Luddites in 1816. Heathcote was awarded damages of £10,000 by the county of Nottingham on the condition it was spent locally, but to avoid further interference he decided to transfer not only his machines but his entire workforce elsewhere and refused the money. In a disused woollen factory at Tiverton in Devonshire, powered by the waters of the river Exe, he built 300 frames of greater width and speed. By continually making inventions and improvements until he retired in 1843, his business flourished and he amassed a large fortune. He patented one machine for silk cocoon-reeling and another for plaiting or braiding. In 1825 he brought out two patents for the mechanical ornamentation or figuring of lace. He acquired a sound knowledge of French prior to opening a steam-powered lace factory in France. The factory proved to be a successful venture that lasted many years. In 1832 he patented a monstrous steam plough that is reputed to have cost him over £12,000 and was claimed to be the best in its day. One of its stated aims was "improved methods of draining land", which he hoped would develop agriculture in Ireland. A cable was used to haul the implement across the land. From 1832 to 1859, Heathcote represented Tiverton in Parliament and, among other benefactions, he built a school for his adopted town.

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SUBJECT AREA: Medical technology, Photography, film and optics

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At the age of 19 Marey went to Paris to study medicine, becoming particularly interested in the problems of the circulation of the blood. In an early communication to the Académie des Sciences he described a much improved device for recording the pulse, the sphygmograph, in which the beats were recorded on a smoked plate. Most of his subsequent work was concerned with methods of recording movement: to study the movement of the horse, he used pneumatic sensors on each hoof to record traces on a smoked drum; this device became known as the Marey recording tambour. His attempts to study the wing movements of a bird in flight in the same way met with limited success since the recording system interfered with free movement. Reading in 1878 of Muybridge's work in America using sequence photography to study animal movement, Marey considered the use of photography himself. In 1882 he developed an idea first used by the astronomer Janssen: a camera in which a series of exposures could be made on a circular photographic plate. Marey's "photographic gun" was rifle shaped and could expose twelve pictures in approximately one second on a circular plate. With this device he was able to study wing movements of birds in free flight. The camera was limited in that it could record only a small number of images, and in the summer of 1882 he developed a new camera, when the French government gave him a grant to set up a physiological research station on land provided by the Parisian authorities near the Porte d'Auteuil. The new design used a fixed plate, on which a series of images were recorded through a rotating shutter. Looking rather like the results provided by a modern stroboscope flash device, the images were partially superimposed if the subject was slow moving, or separated if it was fast. His human subjects were dressed all in white and moved against a black background. An alternative was to dress the subject in black, with highly reflective strips and points along limbs and at joints, to produce a graphic record of the relationships of the parts of the body during action. A one-second-sweep timing clock was included in the scene to enable the precise interval between exposures to be assessed. The fixed-plate cameras were used with considerable success, but the number of individual records on each plate was still limited. With the appearance of Eastman's Kodak roll-film camera in France in September 1888, Marey designed a new camera to use the long rolls of paper film. He described the new apparatus to the Académie des Sciences on 8 October 1888, and three weeks later showed a band of images taken with it at the rate of 20 per second. This camera and its subsequent improvements were the first true cinematographic cameras. The arrival of Eastman's celluloid film late in 1889 made Marey's camera even more practical, and for over a decade the Physiological Research Station made hundreds of sequence studies of animals and humans in motion, at rates of up to 100 pictures per second. Marey pioneered the scientific study of movement using film cameras, introducing techniques of time-lapse, frame-by-frame and slow-motion analysis, macro-and micro-cinematography, superimposed timing clocks, studies of airflow using smoke streams, and other methods still in use in the 1990s. Appointed Professor of Natural History at the Collège de France in 1870, he headed the Institut Marey founded in 1898 to continue these studies. After Marey's death in 1904, the research continued under the direction of his associate Lucien Bull, who developed many new techniques, notably ultra-high-speed cinematography.

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See also: Demenÿ, Georges

BC / MG